name: alterlab-hypogenic description: Runs automated LLM-driven hypothesis generation and testing on tabular datasets with HypoGeniC, combining literature insights with data-driven testing. Use when systematically exploring hypotheses about patterns in empirical data (for example deception detection or content analysis). For manual hypothesis formulation use alterlab-hypothesis-gen; for open-ended creative ideation use alterlab-scientific-brainstorm. Part of the AlterLab Academic Skills suite. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash(uv:) Bash(python:) Bash(hypogenic_generation:) Bash(hypogenic_inference:) Bash(git clone:*) compatibility: Requires the hypogenic Python package plus an LLM provider API key (e.g. OPENAI_API_KEY) for hypothesis generation. Runs via `uv run python`. metadata: skill-author: AlterLab version: "1.0.0"

Hypogenic

Overview

Hypogenic provides automated hypothesis generation and testing using large language models to accelerate scientific discovery. The framework supports three approaches: HypoGeniC (data-driven hypothesis generation), HypoRefine (synergistic literature and data integration), and Union methods (mechanistic combination of literature and data-driven hypotheses).

Quick Start

Get started with Hypogenic in minutes:

# Install the package
uv pip install hypogenic

# Clone example datasets
git clone https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/HypoGeniC-datasets.git ./data

# Run basic hypothesis generation
hypogenic_generation --config ./data/your_task/config.yaml --method hypogenic --num_hypotheses 20

# Run inference on generated hypotheses
hypogenic_inference --config ./data/your_task/config.yaml --hypotheses output/hypotheses.json

Flag names below are illustrative. The upstream docs expose exact arguments only via hypogenic_generation --help / hypogenic_inference --help — confirm there before scripting.

Or use the example scripts (the library ships runnable scripts under examples/; there is no one-line fluent task.generate_hypotheses(...) API — see "Python API Usage" below for the real classes):

python ./examples/generation.py   --help   # HypoGeniC data-driven generation
python ./examples/inference.py     --help   # single-hypothesis inference

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when working on:

Generating scientific hypotheses from observational datasets
Testing multiple competing hypotheses systematically
Combining literature insights with empirical patterns
Accelerating research discovery through automated hypothesis ideation
Domains requiring hypothesis-driven analysis: deception detection, AI-generated content identification, mental health indicators, predictive modeling, or other empirical research

Key Features

Automated Hypothesis Generation

Generate 10-20+ testable hypotheses from data in minutes
Iterative refinement based on validation performance
Support for both API-based (OpenAI, Anthropic) and local LLMs

Literature Integration

Extract insights from research papers via PDF processing
Combine theoretical foundations with empirical patterns
Systematic literature-to-hypothesis pipeline with GROBID

Performance Optimization

Redis caching reduces API costs for repeated experiments
Parallel processing for large-scale hypothesis testing
Adaptive refinement focuses on challenging examples

Flexible Configuration

Template-based prompt engineering with variable injection
Custom label extraction for domain-specific tasks
Modular architecture for easy extension

Reported Results (from arXiv:2410.17309, Literature Meets Data)

+8.97% over few-shot, +15.75% over literature-only, +3.37% over data-driven-only baselines
Human accuracy improved +7.44% (deception detection) and +14.19% (AI-generated content detection)
A redundancy checker prunes near-duplicate hypotheses to keep the final bank diverse

Core Capabilities

1. HypoGeniC: Data-Driven Hypothesis Generation

Generate hypotheses solely from observational data through iterative refinement.

Process:

Initialize with a small data subset to generate candidate hypotheses
Iteratively refine hypotheses based on performance
Replace poorly-performing hypotheses with new ones from challenging examples

Best for: Exploratory research without existing literature, pattern discovery in novel datasets

2. HypoRefine: Literature and Data Integration

Synergistically combine existing literature with empirical data through an agentic framework.

Process:

Extract insights from relevant research papers (typically 10 papers)
Generate theory-grounded hypotheses from literature
Generate data-driven hypotheses from observational patterns
Refine both hypothesis banks through iterative improvement

Best for: Research with established theoretical foundations, validating or extending existing theories

3. Union Methods

Mechanistically combine literature-only hypotheses with framework outputs.

Variants:

Literature ∪ HypoGeniC: Combines literature hypotheses with data-driven generation
Literature ∪ HypoRefine: Combines literature hypotheses with integrated approach

Best for: Comprehensive hypothesis coverage, eliminating redundancy while maintaining diverse perspectives

Installation

Install via pip:

uv pip install hypogenic

Optional dependencies:

Redis server (port 6832): Enables caching of LLM responses to significantly reduce API costs during iterative hypothesis generation
s2orc-doc2json: Required for processing literature PDFs in HypoRefine workflows
GROBID: Required for PDF preprocessing (see Literature Processing section)

Clone example datasets:

# For HypoGeniC examples
git clone https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/HypoGeniC-datasets.git ./data

# For HypoRefine/Union examples
git clone https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/Hypothesis-agent-datasets.git ./data

Dataset Format

Datasets must follow HuggingFace datasets format with specific naming conventions:

Required files:

<TASK>_train.json: Training data
<TASK>_val.json: Validation data
<TASK>_test.json: Test data

Required keys in JSON:

text_features_1 through text_features_n: Lists of strings containing feature values
label: List of strings containing ground truth labels

Example (headline click prediction):

{
  "headline_1": [
    "What Up, Comet? You Just Got *PROBED*",
    "Scientists Made a Breakthrough in Quantum Computing"
  ],
  "headline_2": [
    "Scientists Everywhere Were Holding Their Breath Today. Here's Why.",
    "New Quantum Computer Achieves Milestone"
  ],
  "label": [
    "Headline 2 has more clicks than Headline 1",
    "Headline 1 has more clicks than Headline 2"
  ]
}

Important notes:

All lists must have the same length
Label format must match your extract_label() function output format
Feature keys can be customized to match your domain (e.g., review_text, post_content, etc.)

Configuration

Each task requires a config.yaml file specifying:

Required elements:

Dataset paths (train/val/test)
Prompt templates for:
- Observations generation
- Batched hypothesis generation
- Hypothesis inference
- Relevance checking
- Adaptive methods (for HypoRefine)

Template capabilities:

Dataset placeholders for dynamic variable injection (e.g., ${text_features_1}, ${num_hypotheses})
Custom label extraction functions for domain-specific parsing
Role-based prompt structure (system, user, assistant roles)

Configuration structure:

task_name: your_task_name

train_data_path: ./your_task_train.json
val_data_path: ./your_task_val.json
test_data_path: ./your_task_test.json

prompt_templates:
  # Extra keys for reusable prompt components
  observations: |
    Feature 1: ${text_features_1}
    Feature 2: ${text_features_2}
    Observation: ${label}
  
  # Required templates
  batched_generation:
    system: "Your system prompt here"
    user: "Your user prompt with ${num_hypotheses} placeholder"
  
  inference:
    system: "Your inference system prompt"
    user: "Your inference user prompt"
  
  # Optional templates for advanced features
  few_shot_baseline: {...}
  is_relevant: {...}
  adaptive_inference: {...}
  adaptive_selection: {...}

Refer to references/config_template.yaml for a complete example configuration.

Literature Processing (HypoRefine/Union Methods)

To use literature-based hypothesis generation, you must preprocess PDF papers:

Step 1: Setup GROBID (first time only)

bash ./modules/setup_grobid.sh

Step 2: Add PDF files Place research papers in literature/YOUR_TASK_NAME/raw/

Step 3: Process PDFs

# Start GROBID service
bash ./modules/run_grobid.sh

# Process PDFs for your task
cd examples
python pdf_preprocess.py --task_name YOUR_TASK_NAME

This converts PDFs to structured format for hypothesis extraction. Automated literature search will be supported in future releases.

CLI Usage

Hypothesis Generation

hypogenic_generation --help

Key parameters:

Task configuration file path
Model selection (API-based or local)
Generation method (HypoGeniC, HypoRefine, or Union)
Number of hypotheses to generate
Output directory for hypothesis banks

Hypothesis Inference

hypogenic_inference --help

Key parameters:

Task configuration file path
Hypothesis bank file path
Test dataset path
Inference method (default or multi-hypothesis)
Output file for results

Python API Usage

The library is not a one-call fluent API — generation runs as an explicit init/update loop over the algorithm classes (DefaultGeneration, DefaultInference, DefaultUpdate, DefaultReplace), and inference runs through the inference_register. Copy and adapt the scripts under examples/; for HypoRefine/Union adapt examples/union_generation.py.

Full import list, the generation/inference loop, inference_type strategy options, and the critical extract_label() parsing contract: see references/python_api.md.

Workflow Examples

Three end-to-end scenarios — data-driven (HypoGeniC, AI-content detection), literature-informed (HypoRefine, deception in hotel reviews), and comprehensive coverage (Union, mental-stress detection) — with dataset prep, generation, and inference commands for each: see references/workflow_examples.md.

Performance Optimization

Caching: Enable Redis caching to reduce API costs and computation time for repeated LLM calls

Parallel Processing: Leverage multiple workers for large-scale hypothesis generation and testing

Adaptive Refinement: Use challenging examples to iteratively improve hypothesis quality

Troubleshooting

Issue: Generated hypotheses are too generic Solution: Refine prompt templates in config.yaml to request more specific, testable hypotheses

Issue: Poor inference performance Solution: Ensure dataset has sufficient training examples, adjust hypothesis generation parameters, or increase number of hypotheses

Issue: Label extraction failures Solution: Implement custom extract_label() function for domain-specific output parsing

Issue: GROBID PDF processing fails Solution: Ensure GROBID service is running (bash ./modules/run_grobid.sh) and PDFs are valid research papers

Creating Custom Tasks

Adding a new task follows five steps: (1) prepare train/val/test JSON with text_features_* + label keys, (2) author config.yaml, (3) implement a custom extract_label(), (4) optionally process literature PDFs for HypoRefine/Union, and (5) run generation + inference.

Full step-by-step guide with the custom extract_label implementation and BaseTask wiring: see references/custom_tasks.md.

Repository Structure

Core code lives in hypogenic/, CLI entry points in hypogenic_cmd/, the HypoRefine agent in hypothesis_agent/, PDF/literature tools in literature/ + modules/, and runnable scripts in examples/. Full annotated directory tree: see references/repository_structure.md.

Related Publications

The framework rests on three papers from ChicagoHAI: HypoBench (2025, arXiv:2504.11524), Literature Meets Data (2024, arXiv:2410.17309, introduces HypoRefine), and the original Hypothesis Generation with Large Language Models (2024, EMNLP NLP4Science). Full citations, descriptions, and BibTeX entries: see references/publications.md.

Additional Resources

Official Links

GitHub Repository: https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/hypothesis-generation
PyPI Package: https://pypi.org/project/hypogenic/
License: MIT License
Issues & Support: https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/hypothesis-generation/issues

Example Datasets

Clone these repositories for ready-to-use examples:

# HypoGeniC examples (data-driven only)
git clone https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/HypoGeniC-datasets.git ./data

# HypoRefine/Union examples (literature + data)
git clone https://github.com/ChicagoHAI/Hypothesis-agent-datasets.git ./data

For contributions or questions, visit the GitHub repository and check the issues page.

Local Resources

references/

config_template.yaml — a runnable-shape config.yaml matching the real hypogenic schema (task_name, train/val/test_data_path, prompt_templates with role-based system/user sub-keys and ${...} placeholders). Read it before authoring a config: it documents the ${...} substitution, the reusable "extra key" mechanism, and which settings belong in CLI flags rather than the YAML.
python_api.md — the init/update generation loop, inference registry, inference_type strategy options, and the extract_label() parsing contract.
workflow_examples.md — three end-to-end scenarios (HypoGeniC, HypoRefine, Union).
custom_tasks.md — five-step guide for adding a new task or dataset.
repository_structure.md — annotated layout of the upstream repository.
publications.md — full citations and BibTeX for the HypoGeniC/HypoRefine/HypoBench papers.

Part of the AlterLab Academic Skills suite.

Automated Hypothesis Generation & Testing

Recommended for