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name: alterlab-biorxiv description: Search the bioRxiv preprint server and retrieve paper metadata or download PDFs via its API. Use when finding life sciences preprints by keywords, authors, DOI, date ranges, or categories, or when conducting a biology literature review of not-yet-peer-reviewed work. Part of the AlterLab Academic Skills suite. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read WebFetch Bash(curl:) Bash(python:) compatibility: Keyless bioRxiv API (no authentication required) metadata: skill-author: AlterLab version: "1.0.0"

bioRxiv Database

Overview

Python tooling over the keyless bioRxiv API for searching and retrieving life-sciences preprints. Searches by keyword, author, date range, and category, returning structured JSON (titles, abstracts, DOIs, authors, versions), and downloads full-text PDFs.

For published, peer-reviewed literature use alterlab-pubmed; for computer-science / physics / math preprints use alterlab-arxiv. bioRxiv covers biology subjects only.

How it works (and its limits)

The bioRxiv /details endpoint has no server-side keyword, author, or category filter — it only returns preprints by date range, 30 records per page. So this tool:

1. Paginates the full date range (following the cursor until all records are retrieved), then
2. Filters client-side by keyword (substring over title/abstract), author (substring over the author list), and category (exact match on each paper's category field).

Implication: a wide date range means many API calls and a large download. Keep ranges as tight as the question allows, and prefer --category and --limit to bound the work.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• Searching for recent life-sciences preprints in specific research areas
• Tracking preprints by particular authors
• Conducting systematic preprint literature reviews
• Analyzing preprint trends over time periods
• Retrieving metadata for citation management
• Downloading preprint PDFs for analysis
• Filtering papers by bioRxiv subject categories

Running the script

The script's only dependency is requests. Run it with uv so the dependency is provisioned on the fly:

uv run --with requests scripts/biorxiv_search.py --help

The python scripts/biorxiv_search.py ... invocations below are shorthand; substitute uv run --with requests scripts/biorxiv_search.py ... (or activate an environment that has requests).

Core Search Capabilities

1. Keyword Search

Search for preprints containing specific keywords in titles, abstracts, or author lists.

Basic Usage:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "CRISPR" "gene editing" \
  --start-date 2024-01-01 \
  --end-date 2024-12-31 \
  --output results.json

With Category Filter:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "neural networks" "deep learning" \
  --days-back 180 \
  --category neuroscience \
  --output recent_neuroscience.json

Search Fields: Keyword matching is a case-insensitive substring match, and a paper matches if any keyword is found (OR semantics, not AND). By default keywords are searched in both title and abstract. Customize with --search-fields:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "AlphaFold" \
  --search-fields title \
  --days-back 365

2. Author Search

Find all papers by a specific author within a date range.

Basic Usage:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --author "Smith" \
  --start-date 2023-01-01 \
  --end-date 2024-12-31 \
  --output smith_papers.json

Recent Publications:

# Last year by default if no dates specified
python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --author "Johnson" \
  --output johnson_recent.json

3. Date Range Search

Retrieve all preprints posted within a specific date range.

Basic Usage:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --start-date 2024-01-01 \
  --end-date 2024-01-31 \
  --output january_2024.json

With Category Filter:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --start-date 2024-06-01 \
  --end-date 2024-06-30 \
  --category genomics \
  --output genomics_june.json

Days Back Shortcut:

# Last 30 days
python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --days-back 30 \
  --output last_month.json

4. Paper Details by DOI

Retrieve detailed metadata for a specific preprint.

Basic Usage:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --doi "10.1101/2024.01.15.123456" \
  --output paper_details.json

Full DOI URLs Accepted:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.15.123456"

5. PDF Downloads

Download the full-text PDF of any preprint.

Basic Usage:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --doi "10.1101/2024.01.15.123456" \
  --download-pdf paper.pdf

Batch Processing: For multiple PDFs, extract DOIs from a search result JSON and download each paper:

import json
from biorxiv_search import BioRxivSearcher

# Load search results
with open('results.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

searcher = BioRxivSearcher(verbose=True)

# Download each paper
for i, paper in enumerate(data['results'][:10]):  # First 10 papers
    doi = paper['doi']
    searcher.download_pdf(doi, f"papers/paper_{i+1}.pdf")

Valid Categories

Filter searches by bioRxiv subject categories:

• animal-behavior-and-cognition
• biochemistry
• bioengineering
• bioinformatics
• biophysics
• cancer-biology
• cell-biology
• clinical-trials
• developmental-biology
• ecology
• epidemiology
• evolutionary-biology
• genetics
• genomics
• immunology
• microbiology
• molecular-biology
• neuroscience
• paleontology
• pathology
• pharmacology-and-toxicology
• physiology
• plant-biology
• scientific-communication-and-education
• synthetic-biology
• systems-biology
• zoology

Output Format

All searches return structured JSON with the following format:

{
  "query": {
    "keywords": ["CRISPR"],
    "start_date": "2024-01-01",
    "end_date": "2024-12-31",
    "category": "genomics"
  },
  "result_count": 42,
  "results": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1101/2024.01.15.123456",
      "title": "Paper Title Here",
      "authors": "Smith, J.; Doe, J.; Johnson, A.",
      "author_corresponding": "Smith J",
      "author_corresponding_institution": "University Example",
      "date": "2024-01-15",
      "version": "1",
      "type": "new results",
      "license": "cc_by",
      "category": "genomics",
      "abstract": "Full abstract text...",
      "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.123456v1.full.pdf",
      "html_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.123456v1",
      "jatsxml": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/...",
      "published": ""
    }
  ]
}

Common Usage Patterns

Literature Review Workflow

1. Broad keyword search:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "organoids" "tissue engineering" \
  --start-date 2023-01-01 \
  --end-date 2024-12-31 \
  --category bioengineering \
  --output organoid_papers.json

2. Extract and review results:

import json

with open('organoid_papers.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

print(f"Found {data['result_count']} papers")

for paper in data['results'][:5]:
    print(f"\nTitle: {paper['title']}")
    print(f"Authors: {paper['authors']}")
    print(f"Date: {paper['date']}")
    print(f"DOI: {paper['doi']}")

3. Download selected papers:

from biorxiv_search import BioRxivSearcher

searcher = BioRxivSearcher()
selected_dois = ["10.1101/2024.01.15.123456", "10.1101/2024.02.20.789012"]

for doi in selected_dois:
    filename = doi.replace("/", "_").replace(".", "_") + ".pdf"
    searcher.download_pdf(doi, f"papers/{filename}")

Trend Analysis

Track research trends by analyzing publication frequencies over time:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "machine learning" \
  --start-date 2020-01-01 \
  --end-date 2024-12-31 \
  --category bioinformatics \
  --output ml_trends.json

Then analyze the temporal distribution in the results.

Author Tracking

Monitor specific researchers' preprints:

# Track multiple authors
authors = ["Smith", "Johnson", "Williams"]

for author in authors:
    python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
      --author "{author}" \
      --days-back 365 \
      --output "{author}_papers.json"

Python API Usage

For more complex workflows, import and use the BioRxivSearcher class directly:

from scripts.biorxiv_search import BioRxivSearcher

# Initialize
searcher = BioRxivSearcher(verbose=True)

# Multiple search operations
keywords_papers = searcher.search_by_keywords(
    keywords=["CRISPR", "gene editing"],
    start_date="2024-01-01",
    end_date="2024-12-31",
    category="genomics"
)

author_papers = searcher.search_by_author(
    author_name="Smith",
    start_date="2023-01-01",
    end_date="2024-12-31"
)

# Get specific paper details
paper = searcher.get_paper_details("10.1101/2024.01.15.123456")

# Download PDF
success = searcher.download_pdf(
    doi="10.1101/2024.01.15.123456",
    output_path="paper.pdf"
)

# Format results consistently
formatted = searcher.format_result(paper, include_abstract=True)

Best Practices

1. Keep date ranges tight: Because filtering is client-side, the tool paginates the entire range (30 records/page) before filtering. A single busy week is ~800 preprints (~27 API calls); a full year is tens of thousands. Narrow the range, or use --days-back for recency.

2. Filter by category: Use --category to cut the result set down (e.g. for trend analysis). It does not reduce the number of API calls — every paper in the range is still fetched, then filtered locally on the per-paper category field.

3. Cap with --limit: For pure date-range searches, --limit also stops pagination early, so it genuinely reduces API calls. For keyword/author searches the whole range must be scanned first, so --limit only trims the final list.

4. Respect rate limits: The script sleeps 0.5s between requests. There is no documented hard rate limit, but for large collections add more delay and cache results to JSON.

5. Version tracking: Preprints can have multiple versions. DOI lookups return the latest version; download_pdf resolves the latest version automatically (pass version= to override). PDF/HTML URLs embed the version number.

6. Handle empty results: Check result_count. Empty results usually mean the date range had no matching papers, an over-narrow category, or transient API connectivity issues — not a silent truncation (pagination retrieves the full range).

7. Verbose mode for debugging: Use --verbose to see each paginated API request and the reported total.

Advanced Features

Custom Date Range Logic

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# Last quarter
end_date = datetime.now()
start_date = end_date - timedelta(days=90)

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --start-date {start_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')} \
  --end-date {end_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}

Result Limiting

Limit the number of results returned:

python scripts/biorxiv_search.py \
  --keywords "COVID-19" \
  --days-back 30 \
  --limit 50 \
  --output covid_top50.json

Exclude Abstracts for Speed

When only metadata is needed:

# Note: Abstract inclusion is controlled in Python API
from scripts.biorxiv_search import BioRxivSearcher

searcher = BioRxivSearcher()
papers = searcher.search_by_keywords(keywords=["AI"], days_back=30)
formatted = [searcher.format_result(p, include_abstract=False) for p in papers]

Programmatic Integration

Integrate search results into downstream analysis pipelines:

import json
import pandas as pd

# Load results
with open('results.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

# Convert to DataFrame for analysis
df = pd.DataFrame(data['results'])

# Analyze
print(f"Total papers: {len(df)}")
print(f"Date range: {df['date'].min()} to {df['date'].max()}")
print(f"\nTop authors by paper count:")
print(df['authors'].str.split(',').explode().str.strip().value_counts().head(10))

# Filter and export
recent = df[df['date'] >= '2024-06-01']
recent.to_csv('recent_papers.csv', index=False)

Reference Documentation

For detailed API specifications, endpoint documentation, and response schemas, refer to:

• references/api_reference.md - Complete bioRxiv API documentation

The reference file includes:

• Full API endpoint specifications
• Response format details
• Error handling patterns
• Rate limiting guidelines
• Advanced search patterns