Effect Layers & Services

Define services and layers for dependency injection with Effect. Compose infrastructure dependencies at application boundaries and easily switch between live and test implementations. Helps structure DI and keep business logic decoupled.

Sby Skills Guide Bot
DevelopmentIntermediate
4203/4/2026
Claude CodeCursorWindsurfCopilot
#effect-ts#dependency-injection#layers#testing#architecture

Recommended for


name: effect-layers-services description: Define services, provide layers, compose dependencies, and switch live/test. Use for DI boundaries and app composition. allowed-tools: Read, Grep, Glob, Edit, Write, mcp__effect-docs__effect_docs_search

Layers & Services

When to use

  • You need DI boundaries or swapping test/live implementations
  • You want to compose infra (logger, db, http) once for the app

Define Service

class UserRepo extends Effect.Service<UserRepo>()("UserRepo", {
  sync: () => ({ find: (id: string) => Effect.succeed({ id }) })
}) {}

Provide Layer

const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
  const repo = yield* UserRepo
  return yield* repo.find("123")
}).pipe(Effect.provide(UserRepo.Default))

Compose

const AppLayer = Layer.merge(UserRepo.Default, Logger.Default)

Test vs Live

const layer = process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" ? UserRepoTest : UserRepo.Default

Guidance

  • Services define interfaces; Layers bind implementations
  • Compose layers at the app boundary; keep handlers unaware of wiring
  • Use .Default for quick live/test setup; add custom layers as needed

Pitfalls

  • Circular layer dependencies → split modules, provide from above
  • Providing layers too deep → centralize to avoid duplication and confusion

Cross-links

  • Foundations: requirement channel R and provisioning
  • Resources: scoped resources exposed via layers
  • EffectPatterns inspiration: https://github.com/PaulJPhilp/EffectPatterns

Local Source Reference

CRITICAL: Search local Effect source before implementing

The full Effect source code is available at docs/effect-source/. Always search the actual implementation before writing Effect code.

Key Source Files

  • Layer: docs/effect-source/effect/src/Layer.ts
  • Effect: docs/effect-source/effect/src/Effect.ts
  • Context: docs/effect-source/effect/src/Context.ts

Example Searches

# Find Layer composition patterns
grep -F "Layer.merge" docs/effect-source/effect/src/Layer.ts
grep -F "Layer.provide" docs/effect-source/effect/src/Layer.ts

# Study Effect.Service patterns
grep -F "Effect.Service" docs/effect-source/effect/src/Effect.ts

# Find Context usage
grep -F "Tag" docs/effect-source/effect/src/Context.ts
grep -F "make" docs/effect-source/effect/src/Context.ts

# Look at Layer test examples
grep -F "Layer." docs/effect-source/effect/test/Layer.test.ts

Workflow

  1. Identify the Layer or Service API you need
  2. Search docs/effect-source/effect/src/Layer.ts for the implementation
  3. Study the types and composition patterns
  4. Look at test files for usage examples
  5. Write your code based on real implementations

Real source code > documentation > assumptions

References

  • Agent Skills overview: https://www.anthropic.com/news/skills
  • Skills guide: https://docs.claude.com/en/docs/claude-code/skills
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