Our review
SWML is a JSON/YAML-based language for defining voice and video call flows on SignalWire, enabling IVR menus, AI agents, call routing, and recording.
Strengths
- Clear and concise JSON/YAML syntax
- Fine-grained call flow control with methods like goto, switch, if
- Integration of AI agents and media processing (recording, noise reduction)
- Support for variables and JavaScript expressions for dynamic logic
Limitations
- Proprietary to the SignalWire platform
- External documentation required for some advanced methods
- No native support for languages other than JavaScript in expressions
Use SWML when you need to automate phone or video calls with IVR menus, conditional routing, or conversational agents.
Avoid SWML if you need a multi-platform solution or if your needs are limited to simple notifications without flow logic.
Security analysis
SafeThe skill is a purely informational Markdown reference for the SWML (SignalWire Markup Language) used for call control. It describes document structure, methods, and examples without any executable payloads, risky commands, or data exfiltration. The allowed tools are limited to Read, Grep, and Glob, which pose no security risk.
No concerns found
Examples
Write an SWML document that answers the call, plays a welcome message, then prompts the user to press 1 for sales or 2 for support. After collecting one digit, if the user presses 1, play 'Connecting to sales', then hang up. If 2, play 'Connecting to support', then hang up.Create an SWML document that answers the call, plays a greeting, then uses an AI agent (with a specific URL or prompt) to handle the conversation. If the AI agent transfers to a human, connect the call to +1234567890. Include error handling with a fallback.Generate an SWML document that answers the call, prompts the caller to enter a conference code, then joins them into a conference room with that name. If no code is entered within 10 seconds, play a message and hang up.name: swml description: Craft SWML (SignalWire Markup Language) documents for voice and video call control and messaging. Use when building IVR menus, AI agents, call routing, recording, conferencing, or any telephony automation. allowed-tools: Read, Grep, Glob
SWML (SignalWire Markup Language)
SWML is a JSON/YAML-based language for controlling voice and video calls and messages on SignalWire. A SWML document describes a call flow — answering, playing audio, collecting input, connecting calls, joining video rooms, launching AI agents, and more. Documents can be served from a webhook or defined inline.
Document Structure
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- play: "say:Hello world"
- hangup
- version: Semantic version string (use
"1.0.0") - sections: Map of named sections.
mainis always executed first. - Each section is an array of method calls executed in order.
- Compact form: A bare array
[...]is treated as a singlemainsection (noversion/sectionswrapper needed).
Expression Evaluation
All text wrapped in %{} is evaluated as JavaScript:
%{vars.my_var}— access script variables%{call.from}— access call object fields (read-only)%{call.headers.X-Custom}— access SIP headers%{params.my_param}— access subroutine parameters
Use set / unset methods to manage variables. Variables cannot be permanently changed inside %{} expressions.
Method Format
Methods can be specified in four forms:
# 1. Bare string (no params)
- answer
# 2. Single parameter shorthand
- play: "say:Hello"
# 3. Array parameter shorthand
- play:
- "say:Hello"
- "silence:1"
- "say:Goodbye"
# 4. Object with named parameters
- play:
urls:
- "say:Hello"
volume: 10
say_voice: Polly.Matthew
Every method call can include an optional label field for use with goto.
Method Summary
Script Control Flow & Variables
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| goto | Jump to a label (with optional when condition, max iterations) |
| label | Define a jump target |
| set | Set variable(s): {var: value} |
| unset | Delete variable(s) |
| switch | Branch on variable value (case / default) |
| cond | Conditional array: [[expr, [actions]], ..., [default_actions]] |
| if | If/then/else: {condition, then, else} |
| execute | Call a subroutine section or URL (dest, params, result) |
| return | Return a value from a subroutine |
| transfer | Transfer execution to a new SWML URL |
Call Control & Bridging
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| answer | Answer the call (optional max_duration in seconds) |
| hangup | End the call (optional reason: hangup, busy, decline) |
| connect | Dial phone/SIP/queue/stream (serial, parallel, serial_parallel, or to) |
| dial | (EXPERIMENTAL) Similar to connect |
| join_room | Join a video room by name |
| join_conference | Join an audio conference by name |
| enter_queue | Place caller into a named queue |
| sip_refer | SIP REFER to transfer call |
IVR (Interactive Voice Response)
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| play | Play audio files, TTS, ringtones, or silence |
| prompt | Play audio and collect digit/speech input |
| record | Record audio from caller |
| record_call | Record the full call (both legs) |
| stop_record_call | Stop an active call recording |
| send_digits | Send DTMF digits |
| sleep | Pause execution for N seconds |
| echo | Echo audio back to caller (with optional timeout) |
| detect_machine | Detect answering machine/voicemail |
| pay | Collect payment card info |
| bind_digit | (EXPERIMENTAL) Bind digit to trigger actions |
| clear_digit_bindings | (EXPERIMENTAL) Clear digit bindings |
Media Processing
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| denoise | Enable noise reduction |
| stop_denoise | Disable noise reduction |
| live_transcribe | Start live transcription |
| live_translate | Start live translation |
| stream | Start media stream to WebSocket URL |
| stop_stream | Stop an active media stream |
| transcribe | Transcribe audio |
| transcribe_stop | Stop transcription |
AI
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| ai | Connect to an AI agent (inline config or agent ID) |
| amazon_bedrock | Connect to Amazon Bedrock AI |
| tap | Tap media stream to a URI |
| stop_tap | Stop media tap |
| user_event | (EXPERIMENTAL) Send custom event |
Faxing
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| receive_fax | Receive an incoming fax |
| send_fax | Send a fax document |
Messaging
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| send_sms | Send an SMS message |
External APIs
| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| request | Make an HTTP request (url, method, headers, body) |
| execute_rpc | (EXPERIMENTAL) Execute an RPC call |
Common Patterns
Answer and Play TTS
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- play: "say:Welcome to our service. Please hold."
- hangup
IVR Menu with Digit Input
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- label: menu
prompt:
play:
- "say:Press 1 for sales, 2 for support."
max_digits: 1
digit_timeout: 5.0
- switch:
variable: prompt_value
case:
"1":
- transfer: "https://example.com/sales.swml"
"2":
- transfer: "https://example.com/support.swml"
default:
- play: "say:Invalid selection."
- goto:
label: menu
max: 3
- play: "say:Goodbye."
- hangup
Subroutines with execute/return
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- execute:
dest: greeting
params:
name: "caller"
- hangup
greeting:
- play: "say:Hello %{params.name}, welcome!"
- return: "done"
AI Agent (Minimal)
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- ai:
prompt:
text: "You are a helpful assistant for Acme Corp. Help callers with their questions."
post_prompt:
text: "Summarize the call."
post_prompt_url: "https://example.com/summary"
- hangup
Connect / Dial Out
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- play: "say:Please hold while we connect you."
- connect:
from: "+15551230000"
to: "+15559876543"
timeout: 30
result:
case:
connected:
- play: "say:Goodbye."
- hangup
default:
- play: "say:Sorry, no one is available. Please try again later."
- hangup
HTTP Request
version: 1.0.0
sections:
main:
- answer
- request:
url: "https://api.example.com/lookup"
method: POST
headers:
Content-Type: application/json
body:
caller: "%{call.from}"
- play: "say:Your account status is %{vars.request_result}"
- hangup
Reference Lookup
This skill includes two detailed reference files in its directory:
swml_reference.md— Full prose documentation with parameter details and examples for every SWML method (~5000 lines)schema.json— JSON Schema with exact types, required fields, enums, and$defsfor every SWML structure (~12000 lines)
When you need detailed parameter information, validation rules, or exact type specifications for any SWML method, use Grep and Read to search these files in the skill directory. For example:
- To find
playmethod details:Grepfor### playinswml_reference.md - To find the AI agent schema:
Grepfor"ai"inschema.json - To find all parameters for
connect:Grepfor### connectinswml_reference.md
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