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name: vdjdb-format description: Standardise a raw or partially-formatted VDJdb TSV chunk — normalising species names, IMGT V/D/J gene IDs, IMGT-HLA MHC alleles, and method vocabulary — and produce a properly-named chunk file ready for proofreading.

/format — VDJdb Chunk Formatting Skill

Purpose

Take the output of /extract (or any TSV resembling a chunk file) and standardise all controlled-vocabulary fields to the VDJdb / IMGT specification. Cross-check naming conventions against existing chunks/ files to ensure internal consistency. This is the second stage: extract → format → proofread.

Invocation

/format [path-to-tsv]

The TSV must have a VDJdb-compatible header (see canonical column order in /extract). If the file has structural problems (missing columns, wrong separator), halt and report — this is a job for /proofread Step 1, not format.

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Standardisation Rules

1. Species Names

Normalise to the exact VDJdb-accepted values (case-sensitive):

| Normalise FROM | Normalise TO | |---|---| | Homo sapiens, human, H. sapiens, hs, Human | HomoSapiens | | Mus musculus, mouse, M. musculus, mm, Mouse | MusMusculus | | Rattus norvegicus, rat, Rattus | RattusNorvegicus | | Macaca mulatta, rhesus, macaque, NHP | MacacaMulatta |

If a species is not in the above list:

1. Log it as a candidate for extending speciesList in py_src/ChunkQC.py
2. Ask the user whether to include or exclude those rows

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2. IMGT V/D/J Gene IDs

Primary authority: proofreading/imgt_alleles.tsv.gz (column imgt_gene_id) Conversion table: patches/nomenclature.conversions Secondary fallback: patches/IGM_nomenclature_table.tsv

Rules (apply in order):

1. Strip whitespace: remove all spaces within the gene name (TRBV 7 → TRBV7, TRAV 12-2 → TRAV12-2)

2. Detect and convert Adaptive Biotech ImmunoSEQ names (see proofreading/imgt.md §9.2 for full details):

   • Full Adaptive prefix (TCRB, TCRA, TCRG, TCRD): replace with TRB, TRA, TRG, TRD
     • TCRBV06-05*01 → strip TCR prefix → TRBV06-05*01
   • Zero-padded subgroup: strip leading zeros from subgroup number
     • TRBV06-5 → TRBV6-5
   • Zero-padded cluster: strip leading zeros from cluster number
     • TRBV7-06 → TRBV7-6, TRBV4-01 → TRBV4-1
   • Verify result in imgt_alleles.tsv.gz: if gene-cluster is not found, try the bare gene name (Adaptive always appends -01 to single-cluster genes that IMGT names without a cluster)
     • TRBV19-01 → TRBV19-1 not found → TRBV19 found ✓
     • TRBV11-02 → TRBV11-2 found ✓
   • When source is Adaptive, note in format log: ADAPTIVE_NAME → IMGT_NAME (Adaptive ImmunoSEQ normalisation)

3. Look up in imgt_alleles.tsv.gz (strip allele suffix *NN before lookup):

   • If found → keep (or correct capitalisation to match)
   • If not found → check patches/nomenclature.conversions for a mapping
   • If found in conversions → apply the conversion and log old_name → new_name
   • If not found in either → flag as unresolvable; ask user

4. Validate allele (if present, e.g., TRBV12-3*02):

   • Look up the full allele name in imgt_allele_id column: gzip -dc proofreading/imgt_alleles.tsv.gz | awk -F'\t' '$3=="TRBV12-3*02"'
   • If not found as a complete allele: flag as invalid; check whether the gene itself exists (gene-level lookup)

5. Check functionality: if functionality is P (pseudogene) in imgt_alleles.tsv.gz: flag as biologically suspicious

6. Consistency check against existing chunks:

   grep -h "" chunks/*.txt | cut -f3 | sort -u | grep "^TRAV"  # check v.alpha values
   

   If the same gene appears with different notation in existing chunks (e.g., TRAV13-1 vs TRAV13), standardise to the IMGT-canonical form.

7. Multiple gene possibilities (comma-separated ambiguous assignments): check each against imgt_alleles.tsv.gz, keep all valid candidates comma-separated without spaces (e.g., TRBV7-2,TRBV7-3)

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3. MHC Alleles

Primary authority: proofreading/mhc_alleles.tsv.gz (column allele_name) Reference: proofreading/mhc.md

Human MHC (HLA)

Target format: HLA-<GENE>*<FIELD1>:<FIELD2> (e.g., HLA-A*02:01)

| Problem | Fix | |---|---| | A02, A0201 (old serological) | → HLA-A*02:01 if unambiguous; flag if ambiguous | | A*0201 (old format, no colon) | → HLA-A*02:01 (add prefix + insert colon) | | HLA-A*02 (low resolution, 1-field) | Keep as-is; note in log that higher resolution preferred | | HLA-A*02:01:01 or *02:01:01:01 (high-res) | Keep full string as-is | | HLA-A 02:01 (space) | → HLA-A*02:01 | | HLA-A*02:01N, *02:01L (expression suffix) | Keep suffix; note in log | | Confirmed status from mhc_alleles.tsv.gz | gzip -dc proofreading/mhc_alleles.tsv.gz \| awk -F'\t' '$2=="HLA-A*02:01"{print $3}' |

MHC-I second chain: always normalise to literal B2M — never beta-2-microglobulin, β2m, b2m, B2M*01, etc.

mhc.class cross-check: | If mhc.a starts with... | mhc.class must be | mhc.b must be | |---|---|---| | HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G | MHCI | B2M | | HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP, HLA-DO | MHCII | HLA β-chain allele |

Mouse MHC (H-2)

| Normalise FROM | Normalise TO | |---|---| | H2-Db, H2Db | H-2Db | | IAb, I-Ab, IA-b | I-Ab | | H-2D^b | H-2Db |

For mouse class I: mhc.b = B2M For mouse class II: mhc.b = the β-chain name (e.g., I-Ab)

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4. Method Vocabulary

Normalise method.identification and method.verification to VDJdb-recognised terms.

The governing rule: use what the source says. Do not upgrade or downgrade based on prevalence in VDJdb.

| Author writes | Normalise to | Reasoning | |---|---|---| | tetramer, pMHC tetramer, tetramer sort | tetramer-sort | Source specifies tetramers | | dextramer, dextramer sort | dextramer-sort | Source specifies dextramers | | pentamer, pentamer sort | pentamer-sort | Source specifies pentamers | | multimer, pMHC multimer, multimer sort | multimer-sort | Source gives no more specific reagent type | | Reagent type not stated (only "sort" or "FACS") | multimer-sort | Cannot assume tetramer; use generic | | ELISpot | Do NOT map automatically | Log and ask user | | 51Cr release assay | Do NOT map automatically | Log and ask user |

Example: A readme that says only "tetramer-sort" → tetramer-sort. A readme that says only "multimer-sort" with no other information → multimer-sort, even if tetramers are the most common reagent in VDJdb. Never infer the reagent type from context or database prevalence.

Rule: If an identification or verification method has no close equivalent in the current VDJdb vocabulary, do NOT force it. Instead:

1. Leave a descriptive string in the field (for reference)
2. Document it under "Vocabulary gaps" in the format log
3. Suggest adding it as a new term via a note to the database maintainers

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5. Reference IDs

Enforce correct format:

| Problem | Fix | |---|---| | https://doi.org/10.1016/... | → doi:10.1016/... (remove URL prefix) | | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/... | → doi:10.1016/... | | doi: 10.1016/... (space after colon) | → doi:10.1016/... | | pubmed:12345678 or PubMed:12345678 | → PMID:12345678 | | Bare number 12345678 | Ask if it is a PMID; if confirmed → PMID:12345678 |

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6. Antigen Fields

Cross-reference patches/antigen_epitope_species_gene.dict:

• If antigen.epitope exists in the dict → use the dict's antigen.gene and antigen.species (this ensures consistency with the full database)
• If the epitope is new → keep author-provided gene/species values, note in log

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7. Chunk ID

After all formatting changes, renumber chunk.id sequentially from 1 (integer, no leading zeros).

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Output Filename

Prefer PMID_<pubmed_id>.txt (e.g., PMID_28975614.txt).

If no PMID is available:

1. Ask the user for the preferred name
2. Alternatives: doi_<mangled_doi>.txt, submitter-date format
3. Check that the chosen name does not duplicate an existing file in chunks/

Suggested placement: chunks_unformatted/ if uncertain about QC status; chunks/ only after /proofread passes.

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Format Log

Write <output_basename>_format_log.txt containing:

1. Changes made: for each change — field name, old value, new value, source of normalisation (imgt_alleles.tsv.gz / mhc_alleles.tsv.gz / nomenclature.conversions / manual)
2. Unresolvable fields: fields that could not be normalised and why
3. Vocabulary gaps: novel method/verification terms encountered
4. Allele resolution notes: alleles that exist in mhc_alleles.tsv.gz at low resolution only
5. Consistency discrepancies: naming differences found vs existing chunks/ files
6. Pseudogene warnings: gene names whose functionality = P in imgt_alleles.tsv.gz
7. Unconfirmed HLA alleles: alleles present in mhc_alleles.tsv.gz with confirmed = Unconfirmed

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Reference Files

| File | Role | |---|---| | proofreading/imgt_alleles.tsv.gz | Primary IMGT V/D/J gene authority | | proofreading/imgt.md | IMGT nomenclature rules | | proofreading/mhc_alleles.tsv.gz | Primary HLA allele authority | | proofreading/mhc.md | MHC/HLA naming rules, class I vs II, non-human | | patches/nomenclature.conversions | Old → current IMGT gene name mappings | | patches/IGM_nomenclature_table.tsv | Secondary IMGT fallback (existing repo file) | | patches/antigen_epitope_species_gene.dict | Known epitope → gene/species mappings | | py_src/ScoreFactory.py | Method vocabulary and scoring logic | | py_src/ChunkQC.py | ALL_COLS definition (canonical column list) | | chunks/*.txt | Reference for consistency checks | | README.md | Full VDJdb specification |

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Next Step

After formatting, run /proofread [path-to-formatted-tsv] to validate against py_src/ChunkQC.py and all other QC checks.